حقوق الإنسان من خلال التربية الوطنية والتنشئة المدنية
في ضوء السُّنَّة النبوية
Research subject
Human rights through national education and civic upbringing
in light of the Sunnah of the Prophet
المؤلف
الدكتور وسيم عصام شبلي
Author
Dr. Wassim Issam Shibli
الصفة / الجهة المنتسب لها
الأستاذ المشارك في الجامعة الإسلامية بمنيسوتا
Position / Affiliation
Associate Professor at the Islamic University of Minnesota
البريد الإلكتروني للمؤلف Author E-mail
wi-1975@hotmail.com
تاريخ الاستلام 1/03/2025 Date of Receipt
تاريخ القبول 13/03/2025 Date of Acceptance
صفحات البحث 211 – 227 Pages
السنة العشرون 20 Volume
رقم العدد 68 Issue number
تاريخ العدد 30/4/2025 Issue date
الملخص
لما كان الإنسان مدنياً بالطبع، يتفاعل، ويتطور بتطور الحضارة والعمران، ازدادت حاجته لمنظومة ينتمي إليها، يلتزم بمبادئها، وقوانينها، لأنه يحس بفطرته أن له حقوقاً، وعليه واجبات، تجاه نفسه، وأسرته، ومجتمعه، ودينه، ووطنه، أرسل الله أفضل خلقه، بأكمل كتاب، بشريعة غراء، مبنية على دعائمَ ربانيةٍ، بمقاصدَ شرعيةٍ خمسة مرعية، من حفظ الدِّين، والنفس، والعقل، والنسل، والمال.
ولما قدَّر الله سبحانه أن تُهْمَل أحكام شريعته بفعل التيارات الفكرية العلمانية بُعَيد ضَعْف السلطنة العثمانية إلى سقوطها، وتصدير العلمنة الغربية والشرقية لبلاد المسلمين، ثم ازداد الأمر تعقيداً بفرض العولمة نفسها بقوة على العالم بشتى ألوانه، ومشاربه، بما تحويه من إباحية وتغريب وتشريق، والانحراف الفكري والسلوكي، فظهر الشعور بضعف الانتماء، والارتباط بالوطن والدّين والقيم والأخلاق، قامت حكومات العالم بوضع مفردات التربية الوطنية والتنشئة المدنية للوقوف على المبادئ التي تحدد حقوق الإنسان وواجباته.
فجاء هذا البحث كمحاولة بسيطة لبيان شمول الإسلام لمفردات هذه الحقوق المقررة في علم التربية الوطنية والتنشئة المدنية، وأنها لا تتصادم مع تعاليم الإسلام في أغلب صورها، خلافاً لما يُرَوج، فكان عنصراً سلبياً في المجتمع والوطن، فانسلخ مَن انسلخ عن واقعه مع من تأثروا بفكره، فوجب النصح والإرشاد.
Abstract
Since man is inherently social, interacting and evolving with the progress of civilization and urbanization, his need for a system to belong to, adhere to its principles and laws, grew. This is because, by nature, he feels that he has rights and duties towards himself, his family, his society, his religion, and his nation. Allah sent the best of His creation with the most complete book and a sublime Sharia, founded on divine principles, with five essential objectives: the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth.
When Allah decreed that His Sharia’s rulings would be neglected due to secular intellectual currents following the decline of the Ottoman Empire and its eventual collapse, and with the imposition of Western and Eastern secularism on Muslim lands, matters became even more complicated. The forceful spread of globalization, with its inclusion of permissiveness, cultural westernization and easternization, intellectual and behavioral deviation, led to a sense of weakening belonging and connection to the nation, religion, values, and ethics. In response, governments around the world began introducing concepts of national education and civil upbringing.
Among the intellectual deviations was the takfir (excommunication) of regimes and societies, calling for migration from them to places they deemed safe in order to implement Sharia. It was then that they found proponents who would theorize and spread their ideas through books. This caused widespread misfortune, and many youths were swept away into their ideologies. They began to consider their fellow countrymen, both Muslims and others, as enemies, applying the rulings of takfir, loyalty, and disavowal without knowledge or wisdom, disregarding circumstances, the objectives of Sharia, and showing no respect for scholars, fatwa authorities, elders, or students of knowledge, claiming that they were mere followers of the ruling regime.
This research comes as a humble attempt to show that Islam encompasses the principles of national education and civil upbringing, and that these do not conflict with Islamic teachings in most of their forms, contrary to what is propagated by those who adopt an extreme stance. Such extremism has a negative impact on society and the nation, causing individuals to detach themselves from their realities and from those influenced by their ideology. Therefore, it is crucial to offer advice and guidance, especially to the emerging generations, their parents, teachers, and those in authority.
